50 Best Information Technology Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Introduction to Information Technology

Information technology is a term derived from the combination of "information" and "technology". It refers to the use of computer systems and software to process, store, and manage data.

Computer Systems

A computer system is made up of several components, including the CPU, memory, storage devices, and I/O devices. Primary memory includes RAM and ROM, while secondary memory includes hard disks, CD ROMs, DVDs, and memory sticks. System software includes the operating system and device drivers. Computer networking covers PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and cloud computing. Multimedia includes images, audio, video, and animation.

Memory

Memory is a storage device that comes in three types. Advanced memory devices can store and execute data quickly and also handle large files.

CPU

The CPU, or Central Processing Unit, is the processing device or "brain" of a computer system. It consists of three units - the control unit, main memory unit, and arithmetic logic unit.

Elements of a Computer System

There are five major components of a computer system, including the memory unit, storage unit, control unit, hardware and software, and ALU.

ALU

The ALU or Arithmetic and Logic Unit is a component of a computer processor that performs arithmetic operations and logical operations.

Control Unit

The Control Unit manages communication between processor and memory and computer peripherals. It also controls the execution of programs and communication with devices connected to the computer system.

Information Technology MCQs

There are multiple choice questions related to various aspects of Information Technology that test a person's knowledge of computer systems, software, and networking.

Understanding the Process of Data Flow Diagrams

At the most detailed level, the process of data flow diagrams is known as functional primitives. It entails breaking down a system into smaller, more manageable components to understand how data flows throughout the system.

Functional Primitives refer to the fundamental building blocks of a system. They represent the smallest components of a system and their interactions which can be clearly defined and understood.

Each functional primitive within a data flow diagram has a specific purpose, such as processing data or storing data. By breaking down a system into these components, it becomes easier to identify potential issues and areas for improvement.

Therefore, understanding the process of data flow diagrams at a detailed level enables organizations to optimize their system and make it more efficient.

Code:

python
# Code implementation to illustrate the functional primitives of a system

class FunctionalPrimitive:
    # Constructor method
    def __init__(self, name, description):
        self.name = name
        self.description = description
    
    # Method to retrieve the name of a functional primitive
    def get_name(self):
        return self.name
    
    # Method to retrieve the description of a functional primitive
    def get_description(self):
        return self.description

The above code defines a class for functional primitives in a system. It includes a constructor method, as well as methods to retrieve the name and description of a functional primitive. This provides a clear and organized way to manage the functional primitives within a system.

IPv6 Address Total Bits

The total bits used by an IPv6 address is 128 bits.

//Example code to show the bit count of an IPv6 address
#include <iostream>

int main() {
  std::cout << "The total bits used by an IPv6 address is 128 bits." << std::endl;
  return 0;
}

The Main Language Used for Artificial Intelligence

The primary language used for Artificial Intelligence is Prolog.

Code
// No code necessary for this question

Importance of Firewalls in Computer Security

A firewall is an essential security tool used in computers to protect them from unauthorized access. It monitors and restricts the incoming and outgoing network traffic based on pre-defined security rules.

The primary purpose of a firewall is to prevent malicious attacks, viruses, and other security breaches by blocking unauthorized access to a computer system. It acts as a barrier between the internal and external networks and filters out any unwanted traffic that can harm the system.

In summary, a firewall is an essential security measure for any computer system to prevent unauthorized access and maintain confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data.

DOM - Document Object Model

The acronym DOM stands for Document Object Model and it refers to the hierarchical structure that represents the HTML or XML structure of a web page. It describes the properties and methods for manipulating the elements of a web page.

Therefore, the correct answer is option B, which states that the full form of DOM is Document Object Model.

Database Architecture

In a database, there are three levels of architecture, which are the physical level, the view level, and user level. The physical level deals with physical storage details such as how data is stored on disks, whereas the view level contains specific useful perspectives of the database. Finally, the user level is where users interact with the database to perform their tasks. So, the correct answer is B) There are three levels of architecture in the database.

Identifying a Non-Database Management Software

The following options are database management software:

• MySQL
• Sybase
• Oracle

The correct option that is not a database management software is:

B) COBOL

//Implemented based on above information

HTML standard color names

There are a total of 140 standard color names supported by HTML.

// Here are a few examples:
const red = "Red";
const blue = "Blue";
const green = "Green";

FTP Port Number

The port number used by FTP is 21.

PORT_NUMBER = 21

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

Number of Layers in OSI Model

The OSI model consists of 7 layers. The options provided in the question are:

• 5
• 7 (Correct Answer)
• 9
• 11

Therefore, the correct answer is B).

Language Used to Write UNIX

The language used to write UNIX is C, not C#, C++, or .Net. It was developed in the 1970s at AT&T Bell Laboratories.

// Sample code snippet in C
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
   printf("Hello, World!");
   return 0;
}

Using C, software developers can easily write operating systems, device drivers, and other system software that require high performance and low-level access to system resources. This makes it an ideal language for developing UNIX, which is still widely used today.

Features of Big Data Analytics

Big Data Analytics has several features including:

• Open source
• Data recovery
• Scalability

All of these features are essential for Big Data Analytics to function effectively.

Identifying Image File Extensions

In image files, the extension represents the format in which the image is saved. The extension ".gif" is an example of an image file extension. Other examples of image file extensions include .jpg, .png, .bmp, and .svg.

Identification of dBase III

The correct answer is C. dBase III is Application software.

// No code to optimize or add comments.

What is the Main Memory in a Computer System?

In a computer system, the main memory refers to the temporary storage area where the computer stores data and instructions while the computer is running. This memory is also known as RAM (Random Access Memory).

It's important to note that main memory is volatile, meaning that it requires power to keep the data stored. Once the power is turned off, the data is lost. This is in contrast to non-volatile memory, such as hard disk drives or solid-state drives, which can retain data when power is turned off.

Therefore, the correct answer to the given question is:

B) Volatile

It's important to have a basic understanding of the different types of memory in a computer system, as it can help in troubleshooting and optimizing performance.

Identifying Servers for Data Sharing on LAN

In the list of servers provided, the server that allows LAN users to share data is a file server. Communication servers handle communication between devices, point servers manage and distribute network services, and data servers handle the storage and management of data, but do not necessarily provide data sharing capabilities. It is important to choose the appropriate server depending on the requirements and needs of the LAN setup.

What does URL mean?

URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator.

The full form of URL is not "Uninterrupted data locator" or "Uninterrupted record locator" or "Uniform Record Locator" as mentioned in the options. The correct expansion of URL is a Uniform Resource Locator.

SSL (Secure Socket Layer)

SSL stands for Secure Socket Layer. It is a security technology that establishes an encrypted link between a web server and a browser. This link ensures that all data transferred between the server and the browser remains private and secure. SSL is commonly used to secure credit card transactions, data transfer, logins, and more.

Identifying Non-SQL Command

The following SQL commands are available:

• DELETE
• ORDER BY
• SELECT
• WHERE

Out of these commands, the non-SQL command is: DELETE.

Explanation:
DELETE is a Data Manipulation Language (DML) command and not a SQL command. SQL commands are broadly classified into Data Definition Language (DDL), Data Manipulation Language (DML), and Data Control Language (DCL). DDL commands are for creating, modifying or deleting the database objects, DML commands are for manipulating the data inside the objects, and DCL commands are for controlling the access to the objects.

Range of Byte Data Types in JavaScript

In JavaScript, there is no specific data type for bytes. Instead, we use a number data type that can represent values within a certain range.

The range of byte data type in JavaScript is between -128 to 127. This is because the number data type in JavaScript allocates 8 bits or 1 byte to represent a number. The first bit is used to indicate the sign of the number (- or +) while the remaining 7 bits are used to represent the magnitude of the number.

Therefore, with 7 bits, we can represent numbers from 0 to 127. However, to represent negative numbers, we use the 2's complement representation, which allows us to represent numbers from -128 to 127.

It's important to keep in mind the range of the data type when we work with numbers in our JavaScript programs to avoid unexpected results or errors.

Computer Word Size

The computer word size is a term used to describe the number of bits that a computer's CPU (central processing unit) can process at one time. It is always a multiple of 8 bits since computers process information in bytes. So, the correct option among the given choices is:

C) 16 bits

Therefore, 16 bits is the standard computer word size that you can find in most modern computers. It determines the amount of information a CPU can handle and is a crucial factor for the computer's processing speed.

Understanding OCR

OCR stands for Optical Character Reader.

It is a technology that enables the recognition and conversion of printed or handwritten documentation into machine-encoded text that can then be edited or used in other computer applications.

Program Testing Terminology

Unit testing is the term used for testing a program's individual parts or components by developers.
System testing is the testing of a complete system to assess if it meets its specified requirements.
Pilot testing is a small-scale deployment of a product to a limited audience to gather feedback before a full launch.
Isolation testing is a process of testing an individual component or module in isolation from the rest of the system.
Therefore, the answer is D) Testing of program's corporate is known as unit testing.

//example code for unit testing

function calculateTax(salary, taxRate){
  var tax = salary * taxRate;
  return tax;
}

//unit test case to check if the function returns correct tax amount
var tax = calculateTax(50000, 0.3);
if(tax === 15000){
  console.log("Unit Test Passed!");
} else {
  console.log("Unit Test Failed!");
}

Computer Memory Storage

In computer systems, the information stored in read-only memory (ROM) is programmed by the manufacturer. The ROM is a type of computer memory that retains its content even when the power supply is turned off.

The information stored in ROM is critical for the functioning of the computer. It includes essential programs and software instructions that are necessary for the computer to start up and carry out basic operations.

While engineers and programmers are involved in designing and writing software, it is ultimately the responsibility of the manufacturer to program the ROM. The contents of the ROM cannot be modified, making it a secure storage location for critical system information.

Device Driver Required in Disk

In computing, a device driver is a software program that controls a specific type of hardware device that is attached to a computer. The device driver helps the operating system to communicate with the hardware device properly.

In this context, the required device driver is for a disk drive, which allows a specific disk drive to communicate with the rest of the computer. Examples of such drivers are floppy disk drivers or hard drive drivers. Therefore, the correct answer is C) Disk.

Identifying the System Call that Never Returns an Error

In Unix-based systems, system calls are used to perform various tasks. Among these system calls, there is always one that never returns an error.

The function that falls under this category is `getpid()`.

The other options such as `fork()`, `ioctl()`, and `open()` can potentially fail, and thus have the possibility of returning an error.

It is important to understand the behavior of system calls, as well as the functions that they can perform, in order to write efficient and error-free code.

The Conceptual View of a Database

In the realm of database management, the complete representation of a database is referred to as the conceptual view. It is a high-level perspective that describes the entire data and the relationships between data. It is different from other views such as physical view and internal view because it focuses on the overall design and function of the Database as a whole.

Computer Hardware Components

In a computer system, the term hardware refers to the physical components that make up the system. This includes:

• Storage devices
• CPU (Central Processing Unit)
• I/O (Input/Output) devices

Therefore, the correct answer is all of the above, option D.

How is computer memory measured?

In the world of computing, computer memory is typically measured in bytes, which is a unit of measurement that represents eight bits. It is important to note that there are other units of memory measurement as well, including kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, and terabytes. Each of these units represents an increasingly larger amount of memory storage.

// Example code for converting between memory measurements

python
def convert_bytes(num):
    """
    This function converts bytes to other units of memory measurement
    """
    for x in ['bytes', 'KB', 'MB', 'GB', 'TB']:
        if num < 1024.0:
            return "%3.1f %s" % (num, x)
        num /= 1024.0

print(convert_bytes(1024)) # output: 1.0 KB

Determining Volatile Memory in a Computer

In a computer system, volatile memory refers to the type of memory that loses its data once the power is turned off or there is a system failure. As a result, it is imperative that volatile memory in a computer system be properly backed up or saved as required. The following classes of memory are considered volatile, and hence, lose their data when the system is turned off:

RAM

RAM stands for Random Access Memory, and it is one of the most commonly used volatile memory types in a computer system. It is used by programs to store and access data in real-time. The contents of the RAM are written and rewritten repeatedly, and as such, they are lost once the power is turned off or the system crashes.

EEPROM, on the other hand, stands for Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, and it is a non-volatile memory type in a computer system. It is used for storing data that must be retained even when the power is turned off.

ROM is an acronym for Read-Only Memory, and it is another type of non-volatile memory in a computer system. Data stored in this type of memory cannot be modified or erased.

CMOS stands for Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, and it is not a volatile memory type. It is used to store the system’s configuration data including date, time, and boot-up information.

Computer Memory and User Restrictions

Out of the given computer memory types, the one that users cannot write any information or instruction on is ROM.

• EEPROM
• RAM
• ROM
• CMOS

ROM stands for Read-Only Memory, which means that the data stored on it by the manufacturer cannot be modified or rewritten by the user. 

UNIX Command for Sending a Signal

In UNIX, the command used for sending a signal is "kill".

Interconnection of Computers

In order to interconnect computers, the use of communication links and cables is necessary. However, the primary means by which interconnection is possible is through the use of Information Technology. Processing capabilities enable the devices to communicate with one another over the network, and facilitate data transfer between them. Therefore, option C - Information Technology is the correct answer.

Location of Computer Firmware

The computer firmware is located in non-volatile memory.

Answer: B

What does LPT stand for?

The acronym LPT stands for Line Printer.

Modern Computers and their Basis

Modern computers are based on both microchips and microprocessors.

//example code: //Declaration of variables int a, b, sum; //Initialization a = 10; b = 20; //Perform addition sum = a + b; //Print the result System.out.println("The sum of " + a + " and " + b + " is " + sum);

Command Interpreter's Other Name

A command interpreter is known as a shell.

    # Example of using a shell (command interpreter)
    
    # Print the current working directory
    echo "Current Directory: $PWD"
    
    # List all files and directories in the current directory
    ls

Identification of a Computer System that Uses a Drum Plotter

In the world of computing, a computer system that employs a drum plotter may be attributed to two types: mini computers and mainframe computers.

// Code implementation for identifying computer system
if (usesDrumPlotter) {
  if (isMiniComputer || isMainframeComputer) {
    systemType = "Mini and Mainframe Computer";
  }
}

The code checks if the computer system uses a drum plotter and verifies if it is either a mini computer or a mainframe computer. The resulting system type is designated as "Mini and Mainframe Computer."

What is an Uninterruptible Unit in Computing?

In computing, an uninterruptible unit is known as an "Atomic" operation. Essentially, this means that when a process begins executing, it will not be terminated or context-switched until its execution is fully complete. This ensures that the process is executed without interruption, even in the case of an unexpected event or system failure. Therefore, the correct answer is option C) Atomic.

Where can data be updated?

The correct answer is C) Data can be updated in an operational environment.

In an operational environment, data is typically updated in real-time as business transactions take place. This environment includes systems such as customer relationship management (CRM) software, point-of-sale (POS) systems, and inventory management systems.

On the other hand, a data warehouse environment is used for storing historical data and performing analysis, while a data mining environment is used for discovering patterns and relationships within data.

Therefore, if you need to update data, the operational environment is the appropriate place to do so.

Identifying Non-Networking Device

Out of the given options, the device that is not a networking device is the Traffic Analyzer.

Switch

Traffic Analyzer

Bridge

Router

Length of MAC Address

In computer networking, a MAC (Media Access Control) address is a unique identifier assigned to a network interface controller (NIC) for use as a network address. The standard length of a MAC address is 48 bits. Therefore, the correct answer is B) 48 bits.

Identifying Operating System

Out of the given options, the incorrect option for an operating system is Oracle. Although the rest of the options are Operating Systems, Oracle is a relational database management system famously known as Oracle Database.

// No code is required for this task.

API Enables Service Portability Across Systems

In the context of API, service portability refers to the ability of a software service to be easily moved or accessed across different systems. This is made possible by the use of APIs, which provide a standardized way for software services to interact with each other.

By leveraging API technology, software developers can create applications that can communicate with a vast range of systems and services, regardless of the underlying technology. This means that services and applications can be developed and deployed across different systems, even those that are not directly compatible with each other.

In conclusion, the correct option is: Through API, systems service portability is enabled.

Understanding Self Joins in SQL

In SQL, a self join is when a table is joined with itself. This can be useful for comparing rows within the same table. A self join is typically done by creating two different aliases for the same table within the SQL statement.

For example, if we have a table called "employees" with columns "id" and "manager_id", we can use a self join to determine the manager for each employee. The SQL statement would look something like this:

SELECT e.id, m.id AS manager_id FROM employees AS e INNER JOIN employees AS m ON e.manager_id = m.id;

In this case, we are using the "employees" table twice, once for the main employee and once for their manager. We use aliases "e" and "m" to differentiate between the two.

Self joins can be done for many reasons, and can be a powerful tool in SQL. It's important to understand the syntax and usage of self joins in order to effectively use them in your queries.

Identifying a Single-User Operating System

Out of the provided options, the correct answer is Ms-DOS, as it is a single-user operating system.

Most Common Internet Protocol

The most commonly used internet protocol is SMTP, which stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.

// No code provided for this question

What does SBC stand for?

SBC stands for Smart Business Center.

// No code associated with this question.

Renaming a Read Operation

In computer programming, a read operation is commonly referred to as a fetch operation. The other options mentioned are not correct.

Microprocessor Usage

Only one user can use a microprocessor at a time.

// Code example
int numOfUsers = 1;
// The above variable means only one user can use the microprocessor at a time