C++ Cheat Sheet for Beginners and Experienced Developers (2023) - IQCode

A Beginner's Cheat Sheet for Learning C++ Programming Language

Learning a new language can be difficult, but a cheat sheet can be quite helpful for beginners. With this C++ cheat sheet, you'll be able to quickly learn everything you need to know, from basic data types, loops, and functions, to more complex features like strings, pointers, algorithms, and more.

Before you dive into the coding section, it's important to have a basic understanding of the C++ programming language. C++ is a widely-used general-purpose programming language developed in 1979 by Bjarne Stroustrup. According to recent statistics, it is currently the second most popular programming language and can be used for any type of application, big or small. C++ offers powerful and efficient syntax that can handle both procedural and object-oriented styles of coding, making it suitable for any project. Additionally, C++ is a portable language that can be compiled on any system without requiring additional tools for compilation or linking.

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Learn C++ Programming: Basics to Advanced

1. Basic Syntax

// Single-line comment
 
/* 
Multi-line comment 
*/
 
// Standard library header file
#include <iostream>
 
//Using the standard namespace
using namespace std;
 
//Main function
int main()
{
    cout << "Hello, World!"; //Output to console
    return 0;
}

Conditions and If Statements

Code:

Conditions are an important part of programming as they allow the program to make decisions based on certain criteria. This is useful for creating code that is flexible and can be adapted to different situations.

if (condition) {
  // code to execute if condition is true
} else {
  // code to execute if condition is false
}

The above code shows the basic structure of an if statement. The condition is placed within parentheses following the if keyword. If the condition is true, the code within the first set of curly braces will be executed. If the condition is false, the code within the second set of curly braces after the else keyword will be executed.

It is also possible to chain multiple if statements together using the else if keyword:

if (condition1) {
  // code to execute if condition1 is true
} else if (condition2) {
  // code to execute if condition2 is true
} else {
  // code to execute if both condition1 and condition2 are false
}

In this case, if condition1 is true, only the code within the first set of curly braces will be executed. If condition1 is false but condition2 is true, the code within the second set of curly braces will be executed. If both condition1 and condition2 are false, the code within the last set of curly braces after the else keyword will be executed.

References and Pointers

In C++, a reference is a type of variable that refers to the address of another variable. Pointers, on the other hand, are variables that store the address of another variable. Both references and pointers allow us to manipulate variables indirectly, which can be useful in many situations. It is important to note that while references and pointers may seem similar in function, they have different syntax and behavior in certain situations. It is essential to understand the differences between these two types of variables to use them effectively in your code.

Iterative Statements

Iterative statements, also known as loops, are used in programming languages to execute a block of code repeatedly until a specified condition is met. In Python, there are two major types of loops: "for" loops and "while" loops.

The "for" loop is used to iterate over a sequence, such as a list or a string. It works by executing a block of code for each item in the sequence. Here's an example:

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"] for fruit in fruits: print(fruit)

In this example, the "for" loop iterates over the "fruits" list and prints each item in the list.

The "while" loop, on the other hand, is used to execute a block of code repeatedly as long as a certain condition is true. Here's an example:

i = 0 while i < 5: print(i) i += 1

In this example, the "while" loop executes the block of code as long as the value of "i" is less than 5. It prints the current value of "i" and then increments it by 1, until the condition is no longer true.

Iterative statements are important tools in programming, as they allow you to perform repetitive tasks with ease.

Object-Oriented Programming

// This is an example of Object-Oriented Programming in Java
public class Car {
  private String make;
  private String model;
  private int year;

  // Constructor method for Car class
  public Car(String make, String model, int year) {
    this.make = make;
    this.model = model;
    this.year = year;
  }

  // Getter and Setter methods for Car class
  public String getMake() {
    return make;
  }

  public void setMake(String make) {
    this.make = make;
  }

  public String getModel() {
    return model;
  }

  public void setModel(String model) {
    this.model = model;
  }

  public int getYear() {
    return year;
  }

  public void setYear(int year) {
    this.year = year;
  }
}

This code showcases an example of Object-Oriented Programming in Java. It defines a class

Car

that has three member variables -

make

,

model

and

year

. It also includes a constructor method that initializes the member variables and getter and setter methods that allow access to these variables from outside the class. This encapsulation protects the internal state of the object and allows controlled access to it.