mongoose check if document exists

var query = Model.find({
    /* query */
}).lean().limit(1);

// Find the document
query.exec(function(error, result) {
    if (error) { throw error; }
    // If the document doesn't exist
    if (!result.length) {
        // Create a new one
        var model = new Model(); //use the defaults in the schema
        model.save(function(error) {
            if (error) { throw error; }
            // do something with the document here
        });
    }
    // If the document does exist
    else {
        // Update it
        var query = { /* query */ },
            update = {},
            options = {};

        Model.update(query, update, options, function(error) {
            if (error) { throw error; }
            // do the same something with the document here
            // in this case, using result[0] from the topmost query
        });
    }
});